War and Peace and the Grand Sextile of 2013

 

Above-Grand Sextile pattern. Notice the Star of David pattern

 

As we approach July's final weekend some heavy astrological energy begins to heat up as Mars in Cancer approaches its opposition to Pluto at 9 degrees of Capricorn-Cancer. This transit becomes exact July 27, at 6:47 p.m EST.

Mars-Pluto oppositions are intense and prone to volatile, sometimes even violent exchanges of energy. If this is aspecting a personal planet in your natal chart expect to experience frustration at the very least and you could find yourself in the mood to start an argument or someone could start one with you. Sometimes this transit relates to sexual issues and sexual jealousy or even violence in extreme cases.

As Mars is in Cancer expect your own and/or other people's emotions to be over the top and Cancer planets often evoke the most powerful of emotional responses. Issues could erupt around feelings, money and assets or debt, security and issues concerning the home in your personal life and in the world.

Prior to this transit Venus is opposing Neptune, becoming exact at July 26, at 8:08 a.m, EST, and this energy will be building between now and then.

This transit will add general confusion to the angry energy in the sky with a lot of people blowing off steam over something they are unclear about or know nothing about. Check your facts!

Venus is generally associated with money and love, so be careful about signing contracts that have to do with money, or anything else. Sometimes, situations concerning love are revealed under this transit that may not be or appear what you believe them to be. Take things with a grain of salt until this transit passes, and if you wear rose colored glasses now would be the time to take them off.

On the other hand, if you are in a stable situation with few problems it can be associated with romance and glamour. But re-read the previous sentence and if your relationship does not fit the bill, do not make it out to be more than it is.

On a world level we will hear a lot about joint finances (taxpayer money) debts and the rhetoric may be unclear, untrue or confusion. Mars-Pluto is volatile and expect situations to erupt in the hot spots around the globe. Mars-Pluto also relates to sexual violence, and Venus-Neptune is prime for an old fashioned scandal.

Jupiter is opposing Pluto and this transit, becomes exact August 7. This relates to the promotion of philosophical, moral or religious beliefs that can become fanatical in nature. Obstacles can occur that relate to money, lawsuits, and other situations that involve pressure from one person trying to convince another their viewpoint is the only correct one. More on this transit later.

Mars squares Uranus, becoming exact July 31, and this transit relates to sudden, unexpected and explosive circumstances. This is the time to think before you act not let the results of anger control your future. And be careful of careless accidents. We could see accidents in the news and we will see explosive situations, for certain. Mars-Pluto-Uranus generally relates to military-police type events.

And even though the Uranus-Pluto square is now 3 degrees apart, Mars will set off the powerful configuration we all live under. This means the events that occur in the world at this time will be bigger and have the potential of affecting many people.

 

The Grand Sextile of July 2013

Now...take a deep breath. Because on July 29, we have planetary help in the form of a Grand Sextile in the heavens that has the potential to bring some positive energy to your situation if it is aspecting your personal chart and to the world.

A grand sextile is a rare planetary configuration consisting of six (60 degree angle) planets that go all the way around the chart forming 6 sixty degree angles. This is a  very rare, and I mean rare configuration forming what looks like a hexagram, or it resembles the Star of David. A configuration like this occurred in 2003, but beyond that my research does not turn up another one for more years than I can look.

The planets involved in the Grand sextile are-

-the Moon in Taurus

-Venus in Virgo

-Mars/Jupiter in Cancer

-Saturn in Scorpio

-Neptune in Pisces

-Pluto in Capricorn

You can see this is a configuration made up of Earth and Water planets. Earth planets bring stability and practicality and water planets soothe and bring soft, flowing emotional energy.

There are 6 trines, 6 sextiles and 3 oppositions contained within this complex pattern to name a few.

Sextiles are about opportunities and communication. They show us where our chances of success might lie if we move forward and put this knowledge into action. Opportunities are not a given, they are opportunities. We must push these opportunities forward with action, to get a desired result! In other words, this transit could make us feel good, we could see an opportunity and then not act on it, and that's all there is to it. Future results will need action. You chart will be aspected by this transit if you have Earth or Water planets at 3-8 degrees.

On the other hand this could be a perfect day to start something new and we can see positive results from past actions! There is magic in this configuration we may never see again.

I would like to say this rare transit will bring world peace, but the drive and initiative to do so must be there. It will increase the chances of peace, and show us what that might look like, but it is up to us-the collective to make the push and generate the action to do so in the world, and in our personal lives. There is however a very positive timeframe in which to see movement toward peace and solving some of the problems the world faces.

Any one born on this day will have a very lucky chart, similar to the Grand Water trine earlier this month. Make the most of it!

 

 

Full moon and Mercury goes direct: making the most of the grand trine

Mercury goes direct on July 20, at 2:22 pm EST. Mercury reached its stationing degree of 13 degrees on  July 17, where it will remain until July 25. 

Mercury is considered stationary retrograde July 20-25. The stationary direct period is perhaps the most important time of the retrograde period (next to the stationary retrograde period) as things may begin to move forward again, but often direction is not yet clear and glitches can still occur and the direction of events and situations can change again during this time.

Mercury squares Uranus during this period (July 17-25)  at 13-12 degrees of Cancer-Aries. Mercury-Uranus transits can relate to computer, communication and transportation problems along with speech, travel and young people. You may feel nervous, restless, make mistakes in haste, or feel distracted. It is a transit prone to gossip, impractical ideas, lack of continuity, and impulsive actions. You may tend to change your mind frequently or unexpectedly.

Mercury-Uranus transits can produce sudden, shocking and unexpected news that seem to come out of the blue.

As Mercury goes direct ideas that may have been  in the works when Mercury turned retrograde may now move forward with brilliant inspiration at its best. This is erratic, abrupt energy that is difficult for many to handle or direct and will take effort to channel in a positive direction.

 On a world level we will see and hear sudden and unexpected news about many situations. The news is abuzz about George Zimmerman's acquittal and debate about Stand Your Ground laws, 20 children died in India due to contaminated school lunches and Detroit filed for bankruptcy July 18. These are just a few of the stories we have heard and there will be many more.

Mercury goes direct on the US natal chart Sun, representing the President and the government. There will be much debate during these days about important issues.

This is a critical period because  as Mercury goes direct it sets off the Uranus-Pluto square again, now at 12-9 degrees of Aries-Capricorn  bringing turmoil and upheaval to the world, along with major events that affect many people. You will experience important events in your life if it is setting off personal planets in your natal chart.

Mercury will continue to be in its post retrograde shadow period  until August 4. After this it will resume normal speed, and Mercurial events will return to normal until the next retrograde in Scorpio October 21.

The grand water trine can bring some positive energy to our lives and the world and this transit peaked July 17. The energy of the trine however will continue to exert its planetary influence over the coming few weeks. As Mercury goes direct, the time is now to act on your ideas and catch the positive wave of energy as it exerts influence. We will not see a positive planetary configuration like this again for a very long time. To make the most of this major transit  it is best to try and align with the energy of the three planets involved: Neptune/ (creativity, compassion and spirituality-Jupiter/faith, higher principals and expansion, and Saturn/structure and discipline) None of this is easy however with the other planetary energies exerting their influence at the same time.

July's full moon falls at 0 degrees of Aquarius on the heels of Mercury turning direct July 22, at 2:07 p.m. EST, and this is considered a SuperMoon.  This is a powerful moon and Aquarius is the natural ruler of the 11th house of groups and organizations and the collective. We will see and experience events on both a personal level and there will be concern with the collective we are all a part of. Perhaps it is time to look at things in your life in a new and different manner.

Aquarius is ruled  by Saturn and Uranus and this full moon/supermoon will embody those principals represented by the planets it rules: Uranus: freedom, breaking free, unexpected twists and turns and Saturn is the planet of discipline, structure, responsibility and in some cases repression or depression.

This moon squares Saturn at 4 degrees of Scorpio, and this can have a wet blanket effect, or bring responsibilities obligations and a dose of reality to the fore, whatever your reality may be. There could be endings of many types during this time.

Mars conjuncts Jupiter in Cancer on the same day at 5 degrees, also becoming part of the grand trine in water. Mars/Jupiter however, can bring drama, and situations may become blown out of proportion as Cancer is the most emotional of all signs, and Mars is considered at its fall in Cancer, meaning the energy of Mars does not work well, and in fact can work badly and actions can go eschew.

Mars rules action and men, and Jupiter rules religion, younger men, foreign people, laws, and police to name a few. This transit will bring situations made bigger than they should be, expansive egos, and some around you may seem to have an inflated sense of self-importance. It is a reckless and careless transit prone to bad decision making if not kept in check. We will see news of men, younger men, possible protests, and events involving governments and laws over the weekend.  

Even through Mars becomes part of the grand trine in water, it also becomes part of the Uranus-Pluto square adding energy to that volatile configuration.

Venus also enters Virgo where it is considered to be at its fall as well in this sign. Venus rules love, and we will become pickier and more critical with the planet of love in this sign (as well as more discerning if used positively) When the planets of love (Mars and Venus) are in signs considered to be at their fall, energy, and actions can become negative and produce the opposite of what it should, and this paints a picture of  love gone amuck, mountains made out of molehills, drama, trauma and much critical bickering and decision making.  Do things have to be this way? Absolutely not, although we will certainly see these energies play out in the news. Knowledge is power which is why I am writing this blog!

Venus opposes Neptune, becoming exact on July 26, and this transit can confuse love or money. If you are in doubt of a situation or things appear to good to be true, they probably are too good to be true! This is a transit of scandals, love triangles and con artists at work. If used creativity it could produce some beautiful moments as long as you don't take things too seriously,  or produce some serious creative energy. Compassion could be called upon.

The Sun also enters Leo at 11:56 a.m. EST on Monday, and Leo is the ruler of the fifth house of children and love affairs as well as the most dramatic of signs.

Three major bodies are at the critical degree of 0 on Monday-the Sun, Venus, and the full moon.

The 0 degree of fixed signs-the moon and the Sun signify that events occurring may have a permanent affect, and the 0 degree of a mutable sign-Venus-means events that occur can be changeable.

Look for Monday to be a significant day for many individuals and the world in general.

I was standing outside late the other night thinking about all of this and how it will affect things. The world is in chaos around us, but in the midst of it we have an opportunity to seize the magic of a major energy (grand water trine) that we have not experienced in a century. It will take discipline (Saturn) to stay focused but the magic is still there amid the craziness. It is up to us to grab the moment, focus and make it work for us!

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ready or not, here comes retrograde Mercury

Mercury turns stationary retrograde on June 26 at 9:08 a.m EST, and will remain so until July 20. The stationary retrograde which lasts through the 29th,is generally the time where events occur that let us know the Mercurial energy is shifting and changing gears. This is often the most important period of the retrograde along with the stationary direct period when Mercury begins to move forward, shifting energy once again July 20-July 24.

Mercury retrograde in Cancer may be overly emotional for some and hard to handle especially for Fire signs. We may walk down memory lane a little too often, and events and situations may revolve around family members, the home or other loved ones.

All planetary cycles have their propose though, and Mercury retrograde is about reflecting, re-organizing and re-doing. The time for new actions will be after Mercury goes direct again,  and often we have gained new ideas and new directions.

Now is the time to clean out your closet, both literally and emotionally. Get rid of the clutter in your life, but don't throw the baby out with the bath water, or get rid of things you will later regret!

There is a karmic quality to a retrograde, and some relationships that have ended can reconcile and others break up entirely. Many divorces and separations occur on a retrograde Mercury. Lawsuits can be settled or initiated, and situations or things that have broken down can be repaired.

Look for delays, miscommunications and slowdowns in business and most affairs. cars break down along with computers and other machinery. If you are looking for a job, there could be delays. This is a period to fix what is in your life, or look at the general direction you are headed.  The time for new ventures of all types will be after July 20.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Capricorn SuperMoon June 23

This month's full moon falls at 2 degrees of Capricorn on June 23, reaching a peak at 7:32 a.m. EST. Capricorn is ruled by Saturn the planet of hard work and discipline, so many people will be focused on shoring up things that are necessary to their personal foundation. Or it can show you areas of your life you need to work on during this time. Capricorn is the natural ruler of the tenth house of career, reputation and priorities. Now is the time to finish up tasks as Mercury turns retrograde June 26, and we will go through a period of re-working, re-organizing and re-accessing situations in our lives.

This full moon is far from flamboyant but it is considered a SuperMoon, meaning it is closer to the earth. Astrologer Richard Noell coined the term SuperMoon years ago, and wrote of this month's full moon, "On June 21, Mercury and Venus are aligned during the Mercury Max, within a couple days of a SuperMoon full moon. On the geophysical level, both alignments (and especially the latter) are very likely to be harbingers of increased storm and seismic activity. These are combinations – again, especially the latter -which I fully expect to anchor some of the year’s most emphatic geocosmic stress windows – replete with a surfeit of powerful storms, extreme tidal surges and significant seismic activity (including magnitude 5+ earthquakes and volcanic eruptions). Solar flares by definition do dump extra Gigawatts of energy into the Earth. Like turning up the heat on a saucepan of water, they can turn a slow simmer into a rolling boil. It manifests in terms of extreme weather events and increased seismicity – particularly when compounded with factors like the June 23 SuperMoon.

All the resultant increases in geomagnetism tend to nudge electrical and electronic infrastructure and equipment into greater or lesser chaos, affecting our civilization. Our bodies are electrical systems too, and people get a bit fritzy at times like this too."

This moon falls within 8 degrees of Pluto, again creating a focus on the Uranus-Pluto square which dominates the sky. This past week we saw a major stock market correction as the Sun conjuncted Jupiter showing us it was over inflated. The Uranus-Pluto square is an aspect that will shake up the world and in the past few weeks we have learned many things. In the US the major focus has been on the revelation the US government is logging phone and internet information on US citizens as well as foreign. I look for these issues to be in the news again and events of the past few weeks to continue to be significant well into the future. 

If you would like to schedule a personal reading contact me at contact@lesliehale-astrology.com

 

 

Your perfect man is not a sun sign!

Many people are under the misconception that finding their ideal mate is all about choosing the right sun sign. While the right sun sign will help, (and we all DO have a Sun sign) it is not the only, or even in some instances the most important consideration when comparing charts for compatibility or the potential of a future match between the two individuals. There is much, much more to take into consideration.

Comparing charts between two individuals in a branch of astrology known as synastry, or relationship comparison which shows us how individuals will react with one another, and how compatible they really are.

If there are not some pretty positive aspects between the two individuals the relationship will often never get off the ground. There might be attraction or a one sided interest, but things never go anywhere. Or, at times relationships simply become a battlefield of neurosis if the planets align in the wrong way.

The most important aspects in synastry (compatibility) involve Sun-Moon combinations, Moon-Moon,  Venus-Mars, Venus-Moon, Venus-Jupiter, Venus to ascendant-Sun or Moon or Jupiter, and Sun to Venus, Jupiter or other personal planets and Sun-Sun. There are many combinations an astrologer can look at as no two charts are the same, but the following are some of the most important:

The moon represents the emotional life in men and women, but in a man's chart it represents all the women in his life including his Mother, and eventually it will represent the wife if he marries.

Venus is equally important in a man's chart. Venus is indicative of the type of woman he desires and wants to be with. Venus is our desire nature, and represents the “type” a man is drawn to. The Moon however, represents the true emotional nature, and in a man’s chart wife, which may differ from his Venus.

Sometimes a man may feel attracted to one type of woman, but in the end he will generally marry the kind of woman represented by the Moon in his natal chart. Sometimes the Moon and Venus are in conflict,  in which case he may be attracted to one type, but marry another. When the moon and Venus are in harmony with each other, what he desires and wishes to marry are one and the same. But, this is not always the case.

An  important connection is a Sun-Moon aspect of some type. He could be a Sagittarius, and she a Taurus. But, if she has a moon in Sagittarius, she is an emotional Sagittarius to some extent and has a stronger emotional connection to him. It can work the other way. This can be one of the strongest connections in a chart, and works best if the woman's moon connects with the man's Sun.  If the above mentioned individuals met, they might be different in terms of Sun signs, but there would be an emotional connection. And of course that is only one connection, there would need to be more.

Another strong connection involves a moon-moon connection. For example, he could be a Sagittarius, she a Libra, but if he has an Aquarius moon, and she has a moon in Libra which is compatible with Aquarius, this gives a strong emotional connection as well. Sometimes these individuals feel psychically linked to each other.

Venus to Mars or the Sun aspects are always important in a long term relationship. Venus-Sun aspects give love and appreciation of one another, and Venus-Mars aspects can give love and sexual compatibility, and these are some important aspects to have in some form.

Venus/Sun/Moon/Mars/Ascendant/Jupiter are all good aspects to look for.

Moon/Ascendant or descendant often indicate a soul connection.

Sun/Jupiter connections can indicate a benefactor type of relationship or the partner can do no wrong.

Sun/Ascendant connections can indicate a soul or what we may perceive as karmic connection.

With Venus/Mercury aspects, warm feelings can develop as well as the ability to communicate well.

Mars/Jupiter aspects can make a relationship dynamic and can be good for money

Venus/Jupiter aspects between two people can indicate love, fun and this can be a good comparative money aspect.

Venus/Saturn can indicate longevity, positive money synastry and solid partnerships.

Venus/Uranus can indicate an exciting relationship but it may not be long term.

Venus/Neptune transits can indicate and intuitive, warm or spiritual relationship and at times love can be 'selfless.'

Venus/Pluto aspects can indicate intensity and depth of feelings.

Saturn/Moon aspects in soft angles can give stability, security and loyalty.

Mars/Mars aspects indicate dynamic interaction and often sexual attraction.

And finally compatible Sun-Sun aspects give a natural affinity with each other and a level of understanding.  Water is generally compatible with Water and Earth, Air with Air and Fire and Fire with Fire and Air. One of the more difficult Sun sign connections is Water and Fire.

None of these aspects alone are going to make for a great relationship. The astrologer must take into account all of the aspects between the two people, but this is a guide to some of the most important. Sometimes there are negative aspects that can be overcome by some of the more positive ones. Few charts are perfect, just as few relationships are perfect. We are all human and our charts show that. But for a long term commitment, there must be some of the above aspects to get us there in the first place and even more important, to keep the relationship together.

These aspects work best if they are in a trine, sextile, sometimes a conjunction, making them more harmonious. Squares oppositions and sometimes conjunctions, are less desirable and sometime negative, again depending upon the entire chart.

In the future I will write about some of the more negative aspects, and what to look out for, as well as a subject often left overlooked: financial synastry or the ability of two people to live in financial harmony together.

 

 

 

 

Whistleblower Edward Snowden: villain, hero or doomed man?

 

 

Edward Snowden is contractor and former CIA employee who worked for the National Security Agency before leaking details of a classified NSA spy program to the Guardian newspaper, sparking an instant controversy and outrage over the US governments collection of American phone and internet records. Snowden is a 29 year old high school dropout who held national security clearance and made over $200,000 a year and his story reads like a John Grisham thriller.

Whether he is a hero or disgruntled CIA worker who plans on selling state secrets as has been alleged by certain politicians, at the time of this writing he is on the run.

Snowden was born June 21, 1983 in NC. The most outstanding aspects in his chart are two major oppositions in Gemini-Sagittarius containing a total of 6 out of 10 planets in his chart.

Gemini/Sagittarius rules the 3rd/9th house axis of speech and world view, law and governments. Snowden would have extremely strong opinions about speech, freedom of speech, and his own personal world views. As these transits are in the form of oppositions, his world views were destined to ultimately bring trouble from others, i.e. the US Government.

Snowden is a 29 degree Gemini with a Mars/Mercury in Gemini and a Neptune opposition to his Sun/ Mars, making him an idealist. He stated to the Guardian, " I don't want to live in a society that does these sort of things … I do not want to live in a world where everything I do and say is recorded."

Sun-Neptune transits often indicate an individual who desires to experience something out of the ordinary, and sometimes associates with unsavory types. Snowden stated he has spent most of his adult life as a spy. Many of these individuals (Sun-Neptune) spend their childhood with a lack of direction that did not clearly define goals, often including a lack clarity or rules and sometimes the Father is missing, or the relationship is not clearly defined or the ego is not strongly developed in childhood. But, they are idealists and dreamers.

After dropping out of high school Snowden had a brief stint in the Army lasting only 6 months. His idealism was apparent again when he said, "I wanted to fight in the Iraq war because I felt like I had an obligation as a human being to help free people from oppression."

These individuals can sometimes be lead astray by Neptunian type behaviors: drugs or alcohol, escapist or other self defeating behaviors, and they are often duped by others. They are generally sensitive types who find it difficult to live within the bounds of what is considered ordinary.

Mars-Neptune individuals are often found chasing a dream, fantasy or illusion and what better job description than a spy. Snowden identified himself as a spook to the Washington Post stating, "I've been a spy most of my life." He used the code name "Verax," in communicating with a reporter and placed a red hood over his head and his laptop when entering passwords to keep them from being stolen from hidden cameras, according to the Guardian. Fantasy or brilliance based on his knowledge of the spy business? Sometimes there is a thin line. In typical fashion of a Sun-Neptune individual his background is far from clear, even questionable and it begs the question: Exactly how did a high school dropout achieve such a high ranking position with access to government secrets?

Neptune-Mars individuals can feel oppressed and retaliate in covert ways. These individuals can lack follow through, employ deceptive means to an end and generally follow the beat of a different drummer their entire lives.

Obviously Snowden's views were strong enough for him to go on the record as being the person who leaked NSA secrets to the press, and face criminal prosecution, knowing he would be forced to flee Hong Kong where he was residing. It is likely Snowden felt a strong bond to the American ideal of freedom of speech and information as the USA natal chart itself has a Sagittarius ascendant that opposes Uranus in Gemini (the Sibly chart) and contains a Mars-Neptune square in Virgo and Gemini.

Some astrologers use the Gemini rising chart, and in that chart Gemini rules the ascendant, the sign governing speech. This chart too, contains the Mars-Neptune square that lies in the first/fourth house, describing the self (the people) and the 4th house or the 'home.'

America's chart defines its people as does any country's chart and many American's will view Snowden a hero. America is after all, is a nation of dreamers, idealists, freedom seekers and those who march to the beat of their own drummer.

His Mercury-Jupiter/Uranus opposition would intensify Snowden's opinions about freedom of speech, and enlarge his ideas about it. Mercury/Uranus individuals can be brilliant or scattered, and sometimes speak or take action without carefully thinking it through. Mercury-Jupiter individuals like to see the big picture quickly and can often overlook smaller details.

Snowden has a Saturn-Pluto conjunction in Libra. This transit often shows a great deal of tenacity and self discipline and often represents severity. Once an individual with this transit makes up their mind it shows incredible resolve and carry through. Sometimes this transit can also confer revenge.

Snowden's moon lies in Scorpio (time of birth unknown) and individuals with a Scorpio moon often have a brooding intensity that lies beneath the surface of what they present to the world. Scorpio is emotional, intense, secretive and these moons are often driven by deeper forces than they appear to possess upon first meeting.

Scorpio moon individuals generally possess penetrating insights and often have deep vision into situations but are not above thoughts of revenge or serious resentment. Interesting chart  for a self professed  spy.

It is no accident Snowden came to public eye as the Uranus- Pluto square was set off by Mercury, the planet ruling speech and communication. The Guardian has reported much more information will be revealed.

The May 25 eclipse in Sagittarius (natural ruler of 9th house of government and world views) conjuncted Snowden's Uranus-Jupiter conjunction (Jupiter rules governments) and opposed Mercury (speech) setting off his Mercury/Jupiter-Uranus opposition in his chart.

Neptune is currently squaring Snowden's Jupiter-Uranus and Neptune is associated with secretive and often sneaky actions. Jupiter-Neptune can represent an idealistic vision, and sometimes Jupiter can represent money as well. Snowden likely considered his actions a self sacrifice on the behalf of the American people.

It is interesting to note Snowden's Jupiter/Uranus conjunction in Sagittarius opposes President Obama's natal moon. In a President's chart the moon would represent the people or the mood of the people.

The same May 25 eclipse, opposed President Obama's moon in Gemini which was being squared by Neptune, the planet of illusion delusion and confusion (and scandal). In the following days after the announcement of the leaks, Mars in Gemini opposed the President's moon and the ire of the people became apparent as it became known all electronic communications of the American people are being monitored. These planets set off a scandal with the President he may not overcome in months to come, as he campaigned on transparency in government. Of course this spy program has been tied to the Patriot Act passed by George Bush and Congress in 2001. Either way, there will be far more to come in the future, and this revelation is not going to fade away anytime soon for President.

Nor will Edward Snowden be a free man again anytime in the near future, and I look for a propaganda campaign to start smearing his reputation regardless of the truth. Chances are strong he will be captured or taken out by the US government or some other entity who has an interest in the matter in the near future. If he evades this he will live in a foreign country among where circumstances of life are beyond his control. (6-11-13 )